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Fire extinguishers in the shop

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13K views 39 replies 26 participants last post by  robscastle 
#1 · (Edited by Moderator)
Does anyone have any expertise on what type and size fire extinguisher would be appropriate for a wood shop?
 
#2 ·
Not an expert, but I would assume that a standard ABC extinguisher would do everything you would need it to - wood/paper, electrical and solvent. My personal preference would be CO2 as dry chemical extinguishers make quite a mess and can damage electronics if not cleaned properly (I would think motors would fall in this category). However, for the consumer market, I'm not sure there are too many options other than dry chemical extinguishers. Better to have to clean all of your equipment thoroughly than have to rebuild your shop/house though.
 
#3 ·
This is what PocketHole69 has wrote from this thread.
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1. Combustible Dust

Wood boards / chunks / pieces just burn and are easily controlled with extinguishers, or in a worst case scenario easy to get away from (run). In contrast, combustible dust in an unconfined area flashes and ignites nearby flammable surfaces, potentially setting fire to large portions (or all) of your shop. Combustible dust in confined areas (such as small rooms, dust collectors, paint booths, and tool enclosures) explodes.

Combustible dust explosions kill people. They are a top safety concern of OSHA with recent high-profile incidents such as the sugar plant explosion in Georgia. It doesn't take much dust to do it either- as little as 1 pound floating around your shop in the air can provide the perfect fuel-to-air ratio for an explosion. The fact that many shops are in basements, utility rooms, and garages where there are ignition sources such as water heaters and furnaces nearby, as well as unshielded tools and frayed cords arcing is the perfect recipe for disaster.

Sources of combustible dust in the wood shop include sawdust, dust collectors, metal dust if you're in to metal working, and lint / paper products.

The best defense against combustible dust is good housekeeping. Clean up after yourself and don't let dust accumulate. Try to do your woodworking away from possible sources of ignition and open flame such as pilot lights.

Many will argue for dust collection in the shop, and a well implemented dust collection system can minimize the risk. However, dust collectors pose special hazards of their own and dust collector explosions can occur when a burning bit of sawdust gets introduced to a huge bag of floating dust inside the collector.

Most dust collector fires in industrial settings get out of hand when the dust collector ignites and explodes, and then because of bad housekeeping all the dust outside the collector, shaken up and sent airborne by the dust collector popping, gets ignited by the dust collector explosion. This one-two punch levels buildings, as the video linked below will show:

Combustible Dust: An Insidious Hazard
(Youtube, 30 minutes long. Probably more than you ever wanted to know about dust)

2. Paint / Stain spray in the air and buildup on surfaces

If you want to make something really damn hard to put out when it catches on fire, put about 10 coats of old paint or poly on it. Also spray painting creates the same hazards as combustible dust when in the air.

Use a paint booth or spray outside. Clean up your mess.

3. Metalworking

Metalworking creates metal shavings and dust. Metal shavings and dust burn when they get hot, and metal working is known to create heat.

If you have a metal fire you can't put it out with a common Class ABC dry chemical fire extinguisher. They burn ridiculously hot so you might not even be able to approach them to drag whatever is burning out of your shop. Spraying water on metals fires usually causes an explosion because they burn so hot that they catalyze the water in to Hydrogen and Oxygen (a flammable gas and an oxidizer to accelerate combustion), causing a violent ignition.

If you work on metal with any regularity and don't have a Class D fire extinguisher handy you're asking for your house to be burnt down. Most municipal fire departments, and especially rural volunteer departments, are ill-equipped to handle a metal fire. At the very least you need to have a bucket of sand nearby so you can cover up and slow the combustion process and try to prevent radiant heat ignition of the rest of your shop until the fire department arrives.

4. Oily rags

Oily rags that contain oil, finishes, paint, etc. go through a process of biological and chemical decomposition that creates heat. This decomposition occurs everywhere, even in rags sitting on your workbench exposed. This is a tiny amount of heat- it normally just dissipates in the air and is not even noticed. The problem comes when they are stored in a closed container with other oily rags- the heat can't escape. When the heat can't escape it in turn speeds up decomposition, which in turn creates more heat, which in turn speeds up decomposition, etc. until the rags reach the auto-ignition temperature of the rags or chemicals they contain, causing them to spontaneously ignite.

The scary thing about this is you don't have to be in your shop for it to happen- you can do your finishing, go to bed or work, and then 8 hours later while you're sound asleep the rags can reach ignition temperature and light your house on fire. It might take days for rags to reach ignition temperature, and having your house burn down while you're at work really sucks from what I've heard.

At the minimum you should store oily rags separate from other waste and remove them from your house when you're done. Better is a metal can with a tight fitting lid that can contain a fire and starve any that might start of oxygen. Best is a OSHA approved container that is rated for storing oily rags- they really aren't that expensive when you think about what is at risk (your home and your family)

5. Location

Where a fire starts in your home has a lot to do with if the fire department is going to be able to save your house and everything you own.

The two absolute worst places for a fire to start? The basement and the garage.

Where are many home workshops located? The basement and the garage.

When a fire starts in the basement you have about a 50/50 chance of losing your home, and even more so if your basement is below grade. Basement fires are hard to approach- heat rises so a firefighting going down a staircase to the basement is going to get cooked and may not be able to make it. Basement fires compromise the floor structure of the first level of your home, making firefighter entry in to your house a dangerous proposition. Some fire departments won't even enter a home when there is a basement fire burning- they don't want to see their men step on a soft spot in the floor and fall through in to an inferno.

Garage fires are dangerous for obvious reasons- people store flammable stuff in garages: paint, gas, chemicals, cars full of gas, etc. If garage fires are not quickly controlled they can quickly burn out of control, and with most garages attached to houses in the US the rest of the house is just one minimum code requirement wall away.

What can you do to minimize risk?

Those are the major threats. Here is what you can do to minimize the risk:

1. Have a fire extinguisher appropriate to the materials in your shop

You should have, as a minimum, a 5 lb. Class ABC dry chemical fire extinguisher in your shop. You should have one in the garage and kitchen too.

If you are working with metals, you should have some Class D extinguishing agent nearby.

If anyone is wondering what the fire classes are, they are:

Class A: Ordinary Combustibles (wood, paper, etc.)
Class B: Liquid Fuel Fires (paint, stain, gas, etc.)
Class C: Energized Electrical Fires (power tools, wiring shorts, etc.)
Class D: Metals Fires

Read up more on Fire Classes

2. Clean up after yourself

90% of workshop related fire threats can be negated by cleaning up after yourself. A dirty shop is not just messy, it's unsafe. Your momma was right when she told you to clean your room.

Regularly clean up dust after working with wood products. Clean up spray booths and ventilate after spraying finishes. Take out your trash, and store oily rags properly.

3. Look around and realize what your hazards are

Do you have a pilot light nearby that could light dust next time you're sanding? Do you have frayed cords or overloaded outlets that can arc and start a fire? Do you have exposed electrical wiring? Do you have a pile of oily rags in the corner by your wood pile?

What can you do to minimize the risk to your home and family? Everyone who's house burnt down never thought it could happen to them, but one day everything they owned, their pictures, their memories, their pets, and sometimes even their family members were gone. Nearly every house fire I've been to could have been prevented. You owe it to yourself and your family to take a minute and minimize the risk of fire.

4. Install a fire alarm

Really, this is a no-brainer. You should have a fire alarm in your shop, in your kitchen, in your garage if different from your shop, and outside every bedroom on every story of your home. Central monitoring is great if you can afford it, but at the very least get one that will go off and wake you and your family up if there is a fire.
 
#5 ·
With 33 years in the fire service, I agree that you should have an ABC extinguisher in your home shop. And remember that just like any of your other equipment, extinguishers require maintenance. They should be inspected at least once a year for the following:

Operating pressure… that the pressure gauge is in the green area and has not leaked.

Nozzles… that the nozzle is free on obstructions, spiders love to build nests in them.

Extinguishing powder… that the powder is loose, turn the extinguisher upside down and rap on the side with a rubber mallet. If the extinguisher just stays in one position for a long time the powder will tend to cake in the bottom and get hard and all you will get is gas if you try to use it.

General condition… Dents, rust, and dirt can all shorten the life of the extinguisher and make it useless when you need it most.

If you have any doubts about maintaining your extinguisher, you can find companies in the phone book that, for a nominal fee, will check it for you. There are a lot of different types and sizes of extinguishers on the market. When you pick one up, stop your local fire station and they should be able to make sure it is right for your home shop.
 
#11 · (Edited by Moderator)
Hello,

I'm a retired fire chief currently in the business of fire origin and cause investigations and woodworking as time permits.

Steven H above is very correct on most points he expressed. But, I would rather see a smoke detector installed in the shop (and on each level of the home) as opposed to fire alarms (there's a BIG difference in the two). The smoke detector will sound sooner in a fire situation than a fire alarm device. Smoke kills most people in fire situations before the flames ever reach them if at all. I've carried dead people out of homes from very minor fires that smouldered without flames.

Recently I had a rash of fires caused by stain rags lying around left after work is completed. Many stains with linseed oil in them are capable of self-ignition under the right conditions indoors or out. Stain rags, pads or brushes should be disposed of in a pail of water outdoors.

READ THE LABELS!! Never use combustible or flammable (again a BIG difference in the two) liquids indoors for any reason the fumes normally are heavier than air, can and will be ignited by pilots on gas appliances or electrical sparks from others. Never allow projects coated with flammable or combustible finishes (paints, varnishes)to cure (dry) indoors without proper ventilation. If you have a fire because of this you did not have proper ventialtion.

Clever shop people could tap off their domestic water supply piping (with proper back flow prevention device) and install a sprinkler system which are heat activated. When heat reaches a sprinkler head it opens and sprays water on a fire. All sprinkler heads do not open at the same time like you see in the movies unless the HEAT reaches them all. Smoke does not set them off HEAT. The sprinkler heads disperse much less water sooner than a fire hose too many minutes later when the FD arrives as the fire keeps growing and growing and growing…....

I would like to meet you all someday as a fellow woodworker not as your insurance companies fire investigator.
 
#14 ·
Where would one get the sprinkler supplies and the expertise to help guide me through an installation.

- PCM
Same place you getting this info…the internet. It really seems like to me that there is way too much material in a wood shop that will burn to count on a fire extinguisher. Seems like a timing thing, all that stuff could get away form you fast and quickly get beyond what a fire bottle can put out…..and alarms just tell you when to run, but they don't put out the fire…a sprinkler stays back and puts it out while you are running.
One place you might want to try is Lowe's or Home Depot…many states and counties have passed ordinances requiring new construction to have sprinkler systems. Many insurance companies give discounts for sprinkler systems…this has started a do it yourself market that big box suppliers are starting to cater to. About once a month our local store has a seminar on the weekends about how easy it is to install your own system.
 
#16 ·
Very good advice here. I would add this. Get some training on how to use a fire extinguisher. Specifically where a fire professional is with you and you actually put out a fire. We did this as training in Iraq for the company I worked for. Was very helpful to know exactly where to put the chemical verses spray and flay and hope it works. Like bullets in a magazine of ammunition the extinguisher only has so much chemical.
 
#17 ·
I keep two ABC extinguishers, one on either side of the shop.

Along those lines, I recently added a DIY squirrel cage air filtration system as well. This has helped quite a bit with controlling dust in the air. I still need to vent when using chemicals though.
 
#19 · (Edited by Moderator)
#20 ·
...[snip]...
Get the ones that will work with all types of fires.
- Bill White
Well Bill… I am going to disagree with this last response… WHY? Because that ALSO means block all Oxygen to the fire, AKA humans TOO, so I think we need to temper that thought. NOT eliminate, though temperate… You basically want to get the Hell out of there and save your own life. Using a in-incapacitating extinguishing extinguisher may cost you your own life, just saying….

Point taken, we need to know AND understand the different KINDs of fires we may encounter in the woodshop. In THAT sense, there are never enough extinguishers available…
 
#21 ·
I have a temperature alarm in my shop which looks at temperatures and rate or rise. It is hooked into my whole house monitored security system.

I also have fire extinguisher on each end of house and checked routinely.

While dust explosions in grain facilities, sugar plants and industrial setting. I have not heard or read of a dust explosion in a home shop or dust collector.

The danger most often discussed in shop is paint rags. All of mine are put outside and spread out.
 
#22 ·
Having worked extensively in hazardous atmospheres during a previous life, I concluded it is rare for conditions to go critical causing an issue, but when they do it can be catastrophic!

In the 70s we were expected to connect gas pumps hot while the station was in operation. I saw lots of small fires that were normally extinguished by slapping them or putting a handful of dirt on them. Then, one very still day, no product spill, just an accumulation of fumes around a pump at a the station that had be shut down for a few days for remodeling, boom! A welder's spark flashed of an accumulation of fumes. No damage, just an eye opener. Hey, this stuff really can happen.

I have seen big cabinet shops with hundreds of machines working; nothing explosion proof. Motor starters packed so full of sawdust they became inoperable. Dig all the hard packed dust out and everything went back to normal. The finishing department had a spray booth but they were finishing about 20 times what would fit in it. The finisher was spraying cabinets scattered around the warehouse in front of the spray booth. Somehow, they got away with it.
 
#23 ·
I suppose any type of fire suppression system or tools would be good no matter what.

I have 10 lbers on all the work trucks, and at least one in each tool trailer along with trucks,
had a plumber burn a house down a few years ago, soldiered some hose bibs, and walked away without being sure nothing was gonna come of it. It was a rehab, so empty, but none the less, it was underway too far to do any damage with a extinguisher, they tried with hose, but again, away it went.

I've had all the foreman and most of the men go thru training classes, on first aide, fire/fall protection and general site safety, and i'm still amazed at the plethora of stupid they can come up with.
Rj in az
 
#25 · (Edited by Moderator)
I think the risk of wood dust ignition is pretty low you don't hear of many ww'ing shops catching fire.

I think the size is important. You should also have a water hose handy.

I think handling oily rags is an issue. I used to think it was on of those "one in a million" type things til my friends entire 4 car garage caught fire with 3 valuable antique cars inside which was traced to some oily rags in the bottom of a 55 gal drum.
 
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