| Project by YorkshireStewart | posted 81 days ago | 443 views | 2 times favorited | 17 comments | ![]() |
The ash of Pompeii (AD 79) preserved the earliest planes ever discovered but the earliest physical evidence appears on silver coins from nearly 100 years BC, although, naturally, the details are scant. It is possible to see from the series of coins that different styles of plane already existed, so, clearly, much development had already taken place 2100 years ago.
Having said that, there is no evidence that the ancient Egyptians had developed the wood plane. All the evidence shows that wood was smoothed by adze, followed by rubbing down with stones and sand.
It is possible that the Greeks in the fifth to the second centuries B.C. had the plane to work their finely panelled doors. None has ever been found however.
A number of planes survive from Roman times. Some are very simple, being entirely wood with the iron wedged against a pin. Evidence suggests that most Roman planes were of this type. Others, like the Goodmanham Plane, comprise a wooden body riveted to an iron sole-plate. Despite the complexity in making a plane this way, the Roman makers had realised how much the iron sole extended the life of a plane.
Others incorporated iron cheeks to strengthen the throat sides. Those from Pompeii are of a similar width as this one (The Goodmanham Plane) at 55mm, but only 8” / 200mm long as against 13” / 330mm.
The iron of the Goodmanham Plane is 1 5/16” / 35mm wide falling nicely in the middle of the range of the other planes that have been found complete with irons (27mm to 40mm). The iron is set at an angle of 65° +/- 1°whereas the iron of a modern general duty plane will be set at 45 degrees (known as Common Pitch). The rake of all other excavated Roman planes ranges from 50° to 66°. An angle as great as 65° would be most suited to harder woods.
History lesson over!
The Goodmanham Plane was fairly recently found near the village of that name in East Yorkshire, and is now in a museum in Beverley.
This is my attempt at re-creating that plane which is from about the second to fourth century AD. The original was made of ivory and iron.
My construction method is outlined here on my blog.
-- Res severa verum gaudium - True pleasure is a serious business.
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17 comments so far
jeanmarc
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1641 posts in 158 days
posted 81 days ago
very beautiful work.
-- jeanmarc manosque france
teenagewoodworker
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1932 posts in 210 days
posted 81 days ago
thats amazing YS! thanks for the post and keep up the great work!!
CharlieM1958
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3958 posts in 660 days
posted 81 days ago
That’s a real thing of beauty, Stewart! And a great history lesson.
-- Charlie M. "Woodworking - patience = firewood"
mot
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4837 posts in 478 days
posted 81 days ago
Yowza!
-- You can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a year of conversation. (Plato)
jockmike2
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4011 posts in 688 days
posted 81 days ago
I was going to make a joke about Romans flying, but that was such an intellectual trip into the past I decided I actually learned something, thank you Mr. Stewart. A very nice plane indeed. mike
-- Mike. Profisher50@yahoo.com
rikkor
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7093 posts in 316 days
posted 81 days ago
Very, very, very nicely done.
-- Maplewood, MN
gizmodyne
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1476 posts in 532 days
posted 81 days ago
This is a great project. I enjoyed reading the blog as well. Very impressive. You could sell these or the plans.
Well done!
-- -John "Do I have to keep typing a smiley? Just assume it's a joke." www.flickr.com/photos/gizmodyne
Napaman
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1594 posts in 519 days
posted 81 days ago
WOW…this HISTORY TEACHER gives your write-up an A+!!!! Loved reading all of it!! This makes me want to make one even more!!! In your research is there any evidence the Chinese had been using planes? Some of there discoveries pre-date “western” civilization…but I am not an ancient history historian…
-- Matt, Napa, CA...177 days to sanity...
Douglas Bordner
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2443 posts in 505 days
posted 81 days ago
I have been waiting for this since you shared the original. Lovely job of it, Stewart. Thanks for a great post. That tissue-like shaving bespeaks a good tune as well.
-- "Bordnerizing" perfectly good lumber for over a decade.
MrWoody
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175 posts in 216 days
posted 81 days ago
Stewart, that is simply gorgeous. Just out of curiosity, how long did it actually take to make?
-- If we learn from our mistakes, I'm getting a fantastic education.
GaryK
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8401 posts in 430 days
posted 81 days ago
As stated in my other posts, Fantastic job, Yorkie!
-- Gary, East TX -- The longest journey begins with a single step.
Blake
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1873 posts in 316 days
posted 81 days ago
Awesome piece of history. It is so cool that you recreated this! Great job too. I really enjoyed the lesson. I had never heard any of it before. Thanks!
-- Dust collectors suck.
USCJeff
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789 posts in 510 days
posted 81 days ago
Very unique and interesting. Thanks for the background.
-- Jeff, South Carolina
Grumpy
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4799 posts in 293 days
posted 80 days ago
Looks like you have a very good working plane Stewart as well as an ancient resurrection.
-- Grumpy - "Always look on the bright side of life"- Monty Python
Dadoo
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1494 posts in 432 days
posted 80 days ago
I remember discussing/reading about this last year. Wasn’t there one in a museum that was made of stone or something like that? I remember you stating that you wanted to recreate it…and my friend, you did a wonderful job too!
-- Bob Vila would be so proud of you!
YorkshireStewart
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624 posts in 343 days
posted 80 days ago
Thanks again Gentlejocks for your interest.
Napaman – that’s a good question about the Chinese. In the next couple of weeks, I’m expecting a visit from a professor with a passion for historical tools. I’ll pose that question.
MrWoody – I often keep a note of how long I spend on tasks but I failed to do so this time. It’s been done very piecemeal over many months. I imagine 25-30 hours would be realistic; much of it spent in doing the metalwork- filing, filing, filing.
Dadoo – Well remembered! The original one is actually ivory, so it’s believed to have been once owned by a wealthy family.
-- Res severa verum gaudium - True pleasure is a serious business.
Davesfunwoodworking
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200 posts in 317 days
posted 76 days ago
Now thats a hand plane. Great job Stewart, Now I feel like I am falling behind on the plane making. All I can say to you is this WOOOOOOOOOOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Great job..
-- Davesfunwoodworking